full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Carolyn Bertozzi: What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you

Unscramble the Blue Letters

What else are the sugars on the surface of your cells trying to tell us? Well, those sugars might be telling us that you have cancer. So a few decades ago, correlations began to emerge from the analysis of tumor tsiuse. And the typical sriecano is a patient would have a tumor detected, and the tissue would be removed in a biopsy procedure and then sent down to a pathology lab where that tissue would be analyzed to look for chemical changes that might inform the oncologist about the best course of tmtraenet. And what was discovered from sdeuits like that is that the sugars have changed when the cell transforms from being healthy to being sick. And those ciolratornes have come up again and again and again. But a big qitueosn in the field has been: Why? Why do cancers have different sugars? What's the importance of that? Why does it hpaepn, and what can we do about it if it does turn out to be related to the disease process?

Open Cloze

What else are the sugars on the surface of your cells trying to tell us? Well, those sugars might be telling us that you have cancer. So a few decades ago, correlations began to emerge from the analysis of tumor ______. And the typical ________ is a patient would have a tumor detected, and the tissue would be removed in a biopsy procedure and then sent down to a pathology lab where that tissue would be analyzed to look for chemical changes that might inform the oncologist about the best course of _________. And what was discovered from _______ like that is that the sugars have changed when the cell transforms from being healthy to being sick. And those ____________ have come up again and again and again. But a big ________ in the field has been: Why? Why do cancers have different sugars? What's the importance of that? Why does it ______, and what can we do about it if it does turn out to be related to the disease process?

Solution

  1. question
  2. tissue
  3. scenario
  4. studies
  5. correlations
  6. happen
  7. treatment

Original Text

What else are the sugars on the surface of your cells trying to tell us? Well, those sugars might be telling us that you have cancer. So a few decades ago, correlations began to emerge from the analysis of tumor tissue. And the typical scenario is a patient would have a tumor detected, and the tissue would be removed in a biopsy procedure and then sent down to a pathology lab where that tissue would be analyzed to look for chemical changes that might inform the oncologist about the best course of treatment. And what was discovered from studies like that is that the sugars have changed when the cell transforms from being healthy to being sick. And those correlations have come up again and again and again. But a big question in the field has been: Why? Why do cancers have different sugars? What's the importance of that? Why does it happen, and what can we do about it if it does turn out to be related to the disease process?

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
blood type 9
immune system 7
cancer cell 4
immune cells 4
sugar coating 3
sialic acid 3
immune cell 3
complex sugars 2
cancer cells 2

Important Words

  1. analysis
  2. analyzed
  3. began
  4. big
  5. biopsy
  6. cancer
  7. cancers
  8. cell
  9. cells
  10. changed
  11. chemical
  12. correlations
  13. decades
  14. detected
  15. discovered
  16. disease
  17. emerge
  18. field
  19. happen
  20. healthy
  21. importance
  22. inform
  23. lab
  24. oncologist
  25. pathology
  26. patient
  27. procedure
  28. process
  29. question
  30. related
  31. removed
  32. scenario
  33. sick
  34. studies
  35. sugars
  36. surface
  37. telling
  38. tissue
  39. transforms
  40. treatment
  41. tumor
  42. turn
  43. typical